{"id":10680,"date":"2018-04-17T17:45:30","date_gmt":"2018-04-17T16:45:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tecnoveritas.net\/?p=10680"},"modified":"2018-10-10T11:05:26","modified_gmt":"2018-10-10T10:05:26","slug":"fuel-desulphurisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tecnoveritas.net\/en\/media\/newsletters\/marine-industry\/fuel-desulphurisation\/","title":{"rendered":"Fuel Desulphurisation"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Current Context and Challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n

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We are currently suffering the effects of environmental pollution caused by the emission of pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2<\/sub>), CO, particulate matter (PM), Hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx<\/sub>) and sulfur oxides (SOx<\/sub>) to the atmosphere. The pollution can have both ashore and maritime origin but generally comes from the incomplete combustion of fuel, the thermal splitting of HC, the high temperature of combustion in the engines cylinder or the oxidation of sulfur (S) in the fuel composition.<\/p>\n

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Maritime transportation has an impact on the global climate and air quality as well, as a result of the CO2<\/sub> emissions and other emissions that it generates, such as NOx<\/sub>, SOx<\/sub>, methane (CH4<\/sub>), PM and black carbon (BC). Until a few years ago, shipping remained the only sector of transportation not included in the Union’s Commitment to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG).<\/p>\n

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The Sulphur Emissions<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Sulfur in any of its forms reacts with oxygen (spontaneously or upon burning), producing oxides (called SOx<\/sub>, of which sulfur dioxide (SO2<\/sub>) is the most known). These sulfur oxides, in the presence of humidity from the combustion processes, turn into acids, such as sulphuric acid (H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>) and hydrogen sulfide (H2<\/sub>S) that can originate environmental problems, like acid rain.<\/p>\n

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Acid rain is harmful to many sectors: agriculture, damaging soils; wildlife, causing deforestation and oceans acidity; damaging monuments; and being extremely harmful to human health, associated to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer.<\/p>\n

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\"10682\"
The acid rain effects on monuments.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>
\"10683\"
The acid rain effects on the forest.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>
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Sulfur is also responsible for the emission of particulates (soot) as the filters used in the means of transportation are rapidly degraded by fuels with a high sulfur content.<\/p>\n

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In this specific case, MARPOL stipulated limits on sulfur content in Marine Fuel Oil (HFO) as it can be seen in Figure 2. These limits are even more restricted in ECA areas:<\/p>\n

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\"10701\"<\/div><\/div>
When considering other types of fuel for example, US regulations (CCR) defined specific limits on S content in marine gas oils (MGO) and marine diesel oils (MDO).<\/div><\/div><\/div>
In Auxiliary Diesel Engines: <\/strong><\/div>